The piano is a musical instrument classified as a keyboard instrument swinging strings by the traditional classification system according to the Hornbostel-Sachs classification, the piano is a simple string instrument. The musician who plays the piano called a pianist. It consists of a sounding board, to which was added a keyboard, which cause effects by steel cords covered with felt hammers producing sound. The vibrations are transmitted through the bridges to the soundboard, which amplifies. It consists of a multi-string chromatic harp, driven by an indirect percussion mechanism, which switches have been added. It was invented around the year 1700 by Bartolomeo Cristofori Padua. Among his predecessors
are instruments like the sitar, the monochord, the dulcimer, the clavichord and harpsichord. Throughout history there have been various types of pianos, but the most common are the grand piano and upright piano or wall. The tuning of the piano is a major factor in the acoustics of the instrument and is done by modifying the tension of the strings so they vibrate at appropriate frequencies.
In Western music, the piano can be used for solo performance, for chamber music, to accompany, to help compose and rehearse. The first compositions for this instrument arose around the year 1732, among them are the 12 piano sonatas by Lodovico Giustini da cymbal entitled Sonate piano e forte detto di di Martelletti volgare.
Since then, there have been many composers who have done work for piano and in many cases those same composers were pianists include figures such as Frederic Chopin, Franz Liszt, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Was the representative instrument of musical Romanticism and has played an important role in society, especially among the wealthier classes of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is an important instrument in jazz.
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